Copyright

• Copyright allows authors, musicians, artists, etc...to make money off of their work, it means that other people cant take their work for free or alter the work without their permission  
• 1706: Statute of Anne :first copyright act, establishes the right of authors to control what happens to their works
• Works published before 1978 and after 1923 are protected for 95 years
• Anything made after 1978 lasts for life plus 70 years
• A copyright lasts for  95 years (120 if not published) for corporate authors after publication for anything after 1978
• Music and sound recordings last 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which it was published 

Things that could be copyrighted

• Books
• films
• songs
• albums
• slogans
• logos
• company names
• CD's
• games
• art
• product names
• catchphrases
• fictional names
• Drama
• architectural works
• choreographic work

Music Piracy

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Prosecution of Pirate Bay in April 2009:
The Pirate Bay is a website that provides torrent files and peer to peer file sharing founded in Sweden in 2003. On 31st May 2006 the police raided The Pirate Bay in 12 premises and confiscated 186 servers which cause the site to go down for 3 days. When it re opened the consumers doubled due to the media coverage. The founders were put on trial and were charged with facilitating illegal downloading of copyrighted material and were found guilty. They were sentenced to a year in Prison and a fine of 30 million SEk (€2.7m). In some countries the ISP's have been ordered to block access to the site. 

New bundles developed with sky etc to include music downloads in a subscription to include broadband, tv etc:
Virgin were the first to create bundles with everything i.e. broadband, TV, Landlines etc. Other providers followed including Sky who wanted to include music downloads or Virgin when they have Music on demand. However record companies say that it benefits the providers rather than the company. Theres a debate on when teens grow up will they pay for a package deal or will they just have broadband and illegally download everything else? Its a controversial matter. 

Ad-sponsored legal free streaming sites (spotify):
Sites have been set up which enable legal music streaming  and are sponsored by adverts which is free to use. Although sites like spotify have unlimited plays it enables consumers to listen to free music proceeded by an advert. Another site is Spiral Frog which provided free and legal downloads which were supported by advertising until it was taken down due to outstanding loans. 

Earlier release dates:

Record companies used to release new music 6 weeks in advance on radio before a format in which people could buy. Now many songs/ albums are released on the same day in which it is played on the radio (i.e. Beyonce releasing her album with no marketing which was played on the radio and could be downloaded on the same day) this is to limit illegal downloads because its the hope that it stops people wanting the album so bad they don't want to wait for the release date and so illegally download it when they can get it quickly by paying. 

DRM (Digital Rights Management) - is a class of technologies that are used by  hardware manufacturers, publishers, copyright holders, and individuals with the intent to control the use of digital content and devices after sale With First-generation DRM software, the intent is to control copying; With Second-generation DRM, the intent is to control viewing, copying, printing and altering of works or devices.

Creative Commons - is a company that allows you to share your creativity with the rest of the world, it helps develop, support and stewards legal technical infrastructure that maximizes digital creativity, sharing and innovation. Allowing users to use their own copyright licences known as creative commons licences. 

Agreement between BPI and six major UK internet providers to caution illegal downloads - In 2008 BPI stuck a deal with six major UK internet providers to try and stop people from illegally downloading files. You would receive a warning then 3 strikes and you're out. However not all internet providers agreed, for example TalkTalk decided to opt out because 80% of young users said they would still do it regardless. Furthermore you only have to be accused and not found guilty to get a strike.

The Digital Economy Bill - This bill allows the courts to demand that ISP's cut off broadband service from alleged downloaders. This is controversial because you only have to be accused 3 times and not proven guilty in a court for copyright infringement. 

How useful are the UK record sales charts and do you believe they have a future?

The official charts are on radio 1 on sundays between 4-7pm and don't release the number 1 until it is played at the last spot just before 7. The charts date back to 1967 when it was hosted by Alan Freeman - bringing the latest chart hits from the top 40 songs.
   
The charts are based on a survey across a panel of retailers, accounting for 99% of all singles sold, 98% of all albums and over 90% of all video. In 2007 Fearne Cotton became the first regular presenter of the top 40 and On 26 February 2012, a new look within the show meant that it started with the music videos of the top 10 singles also it aired live online from 6pm.There is also the UK Singles Chart based on the the Official Charts Company. The full chart contains the weekly top-selling 200 single recordings in the UK, based on combined record sales and download numbers. The charts consist of different genres (pop, rock, jazz, country) , formats (vinyl, CD Digital) and film/TV downloads (top 10 DVD's). For the past 5 years the x factor winners have been fighting for the number one christmas song, a place which is dreamed of by many artists. Likewise the number one spot is popular at certain times of year - the christmas number on, the summer number one. Which means the charts become very popular as people want to check back to see what song has made it or what song hasn't for example when Joe McEldery's christmas number was beaten by rage against the machine - it gains the industry more money each year.

The charts are available on many types of platforms. Thee typical way is to listen on BBC Radio 1/BBC Radio 2 you can also hear them on MTV and read what songs are in the top 40 in the Music Week magazine. They appear in 80% of the national newspapers and are working to make it accessible on platforms like mobile apps and social media. You can check the latest 100 on the official website or on other sites including the sun, 7digital etc. 

From reception statistics you can work out what the consumers like and which is selling well in comparison to what they don't like.The data is available for music and video industries to find out about the progress of their release and so this enables them to analyse how well their advertising campaigns work and the best way to promote their songs or videos. 

The charts have decreased in popularity since they started in the 60's to now, this is due to it being made available on many platforms so people can check it when they want so they don't have to tune in every Sunday. I think that they don't have much of a future as its made easier for people to see what songs are popular whenever they want. Top chart shows like top of the pops were axed because of the accessibility of music from online sources i.e. youtube or spotify. This could be said that it was a reflection of the audience changing habits and the increasing online audience compared to those buying physical cd's. 

The charts are still a way which shows audience consumption habits both digital and physically and shows an accurate record of what music is brought in every week - what albums are popular with the people. I think that its still provides a good feeling when your favourite band or artist gets into the top 20 or 10 even the number one spot. Therefore from this I don't think the charts will disappear as audience still want to know what is the number one song which they can download or how them buying songs contribute towards the top charts. 

Marketing in the Music Industry

• Since the 80's record companies have decreased rapidly and now are in crisis
• major companies have failed in both the transition from vinyl to CD and again from Cd to digital

The CD pricing mistake

• One mistake is that Cd's are too expensive due to being over priced
• Instead of setting the price at £10-15 if companies were to set them between £4-5 a lot more would be sold
• Another mistake is that companies push 12-15 songs on an album when in fact only around 3 are actually any good - instead they should have tried new formats 
• The income to the composer and performer compared to record company got a little amount of money from each Cd sold by the record company
• Companies taking the alternative route would ensure they would be rich and never in a crisis

Music Marketing and Apple Inc

• Today Itunes has sold over 25 billion songs
• Consumers can buy songs at 99p each or 3/4 songs for £3/£4 pounds
• Musicians are creative and can write/play a good song which are appealing to customers instead of a lot at a time
• On an album of 12-15 songs you can guarantee 9/12 won't be as good
• It also takes away the stress of weeks of recording and editing  

The big mistake of Record Companies

• A huge mistake from the 80's on-wards was that  compared to the 60's the companies stopped making music they were liking and which the public were liking 
• E.G. the Beatles were making their music and weren't following marketing directives or what the executive told them what the consumers would like
• In the 80's the marketing approach changed for the music companies - they sold music as a mass product
• surveys and market analysis was carried out which meant that executives were telling musicians what they could sell and what pleased consumers- this is what destroyed music and the companies along with it as each genre of music has a niche market

Let the Band Play

• Music is art
• The let the band play is a strategy for marketing which says one thing - all you need is passion and inspiration
• this should be what drives music - the love of making it and the love of listening to it

The Next Logical Step - iTunes

• For apple to develop iTunes to become a huge recording company and replace other companies 

credits: Vertygo Team

link: Marketing in the Music Industry - Analysis
- See more at: http://www.vertygoteam.com/music/music_marketing.php#sthash.Cu5iJjFq.dpuf

To What Extent Has The Credit Crunch Simply Sped Up the Next Natural Development Of The Music Industry?

The Credit Crunch made the first move from music going from Physical to Digital. This is because during the crunch it was seen that music/ entertainment forms were not essential and so initially the sales declined. People couldn't afford to go out and buy the newest song or album due to the lack of money in the economic crisis therefore this contributed to the decline of sales. This provided the gateway to transfer physical Cd's onto digital to provide people with easy access and at cheaper prices. On iTunes you can buy a single for 99p where as if you were to buy it in the shop it would be double the price - making it more affordable to buy.As of January 2011, Apple's iTunes Store made $1.1 billion of revenue. Due to this is still enabled people to use music as an escapism to get away from the doom and gloom of the credit crunch. 

Because of the digital sales increasing it meant that record shops were being put out of business, an example of this is Zavvi (once virgin) which went into administration and now only exists as an online store. Therefore this had a negative result on record shops as they lost money and the stores went bust however proved positive for online stores as they could get more money from single and album sales. 

An example of a band benefiting from this credit crunch is the Gorillaz. They are a virtual band in a fictional world started by Damon Albarn (Blur) and Jamie Hewlett (comic book artist). Their debut album Gorillaz sold over ten million copies. The second album - Demon Days -  released in 2005 (around the time of the crunch) when five times platinum.Their latest album, The Fall, was released in December 2010 as a free download for fan club members. Without the move from physical to digital they wouldn't have been able to pursue this project as easily as they did. 

Ultimately the credit crunch provided the initial boost needed for the transference from physical to digital proving positive for the online stores and proving cheaper for customers and negative for actual stores which lost out on money. 

The jilts - Marketing Strategy

In order to market the jilts we need to promote them on media outlets, we could do this by using:
TV -

• Jonathan Ross show - on late at night and so there isn't much of a restriction on language or content, it provides them to be their edgy selves 
• Later with Jools Holland - on very late and isn't on that often means they can promote to a smaller yet direct audience, they aren't restricted and can perform live
• Graham Norton Show - late night show, live performance, edgy, lots of stars, large audience

Radio- 

• Radio 1 - broadcast nationwide to a large audience if at peak times
• Local radio stations - promote the jilts in smaller areas i.e. manchester is doing a showcase on them playing their tracks in peak occasions 

Ads - 

• Campaign for Etsy (an eco friendly company that sells vintage and unique items) - they can do a t-shirt competition or recycling deal to create new pieces of furniture 
• Sky/ WWF - save the rainforest campaign - can do some supporting gigs which all money goes to the charity

Youtube - 

• Create their own youtube channel to promote music videos 
• Can make weekly video updates on songs, what they're doing
• communicate with their fans 

Websites - 

• twitter - can tweet fans
• facebook  - set up a page for people to be liked and regularly updated
• tumblr - can set up a fashion blog which the girl member can contribute to
• own website - can upload tour dates, album/song information, facts about the bands, merchandise - browns and beige colours, vintage look to it, flowers down the side show girls influence

Magazines - 

• Wire - covers music from non mainstream artists - can do an interview on the record deal just secured by the artist
• Indie music mag - covers all the new indie music bands - jilts could be part of a competition, do an interview, be on the cover

Duets/Links - 

• Ricky Wilson (Kaiser Chiefs) - from a big indie rock band so has a similar sound
• Gringly Man - on tour with currently
• Fiona Bevan - up and coming indie artist who has a similar sound to the jilts
• Pip Brown (ladyhawke) - famous indie singer songwriter from new zealand and could co write a song with the jilts

Touring -

• Small intimate shows over the country i .e. the fleece in Bristol 
• A couple of big venues to get a larger audience i.e. the 02 arena
• a few bars to get an older following and stay away from younger fans

Fashion - 

• female member can create own dress line i.e. flowing dresses, flowery dresses, skirts
• Guys can have their own band shirt line - range of colours and patterns
• members wear jeans and shirts with jackets female member in girly clothes long dresses, tights, ballet shoes - each member has a different style they don'y look the same

Unique - 

• could release some singles on vinyl - lots of indie fans buy indie songs on vinyl
• make own changes to converse shoes - can make doodles on them